Energy Technology Expert

Municipal Solid Waste to Power Project Finance Model

Municipal Solid Waste to Power Project Finance Model

The energy technology expert is pleased to offer to its readers, project developers, project investors, loan and funding institutions a state-of-the-art project finance model for municipal solid waste (MSW) to power using the biomass gasification technology.

Place your order now and avail of hefty discount (50%) and buy only for $1,500 only and proceed immediately with your project development of MSW to power. Use this model to determine the IRR given the tons per day capacity, garbage tipping fee and electricity tariff. Email your order now to get the discount and I’ll email you back my bank details for remitting the payment so you get immediately your project finance model.

The MSW may come in free into the power plant or the local government units (LGUs) may pay garbage tipping fees as additional income on top of the feed-in tariff income of the power plant from the national government.

The byproduct high-density residue (over 2 MT per CUM) which is excellent road pavement and sea shoreline reinforcement material could also provide additional revenues.

The user inputs the tons per day (100 to 400 MT/day) of MSW. More »

How to use biomass for energy and power

How to use biomass for energy and power

Here is my reply to an avid reader requesting for advice on how to use biomass effectively in his home town.

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Impact of New Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its IRR on Electricity Price (Feed-In Tariff Calculation Procedure)

Impact of New RE Law and its IRR on Electricity Price

(Feed-In Tariff Calculation Procedure)

Energy Technology Conference & Exhibition 2009

By: Marcial T. Ocampo

Date: December 2, 2009

Venue: New World Hotel, Makati

Outline

• Republic Act No. 9513 (RE Law)
• DOE Circular No. DC2009-05-0008 (IRR)
• DOE Circular No. DC2009-07-0011 (Guidelines)
• Feed-In Tariff System
• Financial Model – before and after RE Law
• Mini Hydro -
• Biomass -
• Wind -
• Solar – More »

How to predict early dam water release – the key to minimizing flooding during typhoons

How to predict early dam water release – the key to minimizing flooding during typhoons

The Philippines is in the news around the world today.  CNN, local media ABS-CBN and other international and local news media reported that five (5) major hydro dams have released water at the onset of Typhoon “Ondoy”, and after a lull, did some pre-emptive release again in anticipation of a new Typhoon “Pepeng”, only to be overwhelmed again with the return of Typhoon “Ondoy” as a result of the “Fujiwara” effect when two adjacent weather disturbances are close to one another.

Unless the dam itself is in danger of collapsing under the weight of its stored water, one could not release dam water at the height of a storm as this will either aggravate existing flooding or initiate wide spread flooding as the rampaging waters will cause land slides and casualties, and destroy earthen dikes, bridges, roads, homes and agricultural lands.

The value of damage and loss of lives could simply not justify the storage of water for future use during summer months for irrigation and power generation.  This necessitates a closer review of the operating “rule curve” of the dam being followed by dam operators in the light of the very recent severe storms bringing large volumes of water over a very short period of time, perhaps as a result of global warming and climate change (warm waters and low pressure areas create extreme weather disturbances characterized with strong winds, heavy rainfall and storm surges that flood coastal areas). More »

World Energy Technology Series 3 – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (COGENERATION, TRIGENERATION)

World Energy Technology Series 3 – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (COGENERATION, TRIGENERATION)

Your energy technology and pricing expert is releasing issue #2 on Advanced Coal Technologies.  This series will focus on energy technologies (fossil, renewable, nuclear, storage) by giving information on the energy resource, basic principles, energy conversion technology, overnight capital cost ($/kW), operating and maintenace costs (fixed O&M $/kW/yr, variable O&M $/kWh), maintenance and overhaul schedule (to determine capacity factor and availability), outage rate and reliability, construction lead time, economic life, conversion efficiency (input energy to output power or heat or cooling), fuel heating value (gross and net BTU/lb, kJ/kg, BTU/scf, kJ/Nm3, BTU/gal, kJ/liter), fuel costs ($/MT, $/kg, $/bbl, $/liter, $/MMBTU, $/GJ) in order to arrive at its levelized price and levelized generation cost of energy. The benefits and risks of each technology is also presented. I encourage the reader to follow this series.

A complete power point presentation may also be obtained from this link to complement this article. More »

World Energy Technology Series 2 – ADVANCED COAL POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

World Energy Technology Series 2 – ADVANCED COAL POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

Your energy technology and pricing expert is releasing issue #2 on Advanced Coal Technologies.  This series will focus on energy technologies (fossil, renewable, nuclear, storage) by giving information on the energy resource, basic principles, energy conversion technology, overnight capital cost ($/kW), operating and maintenace costs (fixed O&M $/kW/yr, variable O&M $/kWh), maintenance and overhaul schedule (to determine capacity factor and availability), outage rate and reliability, construction lead time, economic life, conversion efficiency (input energy to output power or heat or cooling), fuel heating value (gross and net BTU/lb, kJ/kg, BTU/scf, kJ/Nm3, BTU/gal, kJ/liter), fuel costs ($/MT, $/kg, $/bbl, $/liter, $/MMBTU, $/GJ) in order to arrive at its levelized price and levelized generation cost of energy. The benefits and risks of each technology is also presented. I encourage the reader to follow this series.

A complete power point presentation may also be obtained from this link to complement this article. More »

World Energy Technology Series 1 – BIOMASS ENERGY AND POWER

World Energy Technology Series 1 – BIOMASS ENERGY AND POWER

Your energy technology and pricing expert is launching his World Energy Technology Series with this maiden issue #1 on Biomass Energy and Power.  This series will focus on energy technologies (fossil, renewable, nuclear, storage) by giving information on the energy resource, basic principles, energy conversion technology, overnight capital cost ($/kW), operating and maintenace costs (fixed O&M $/kW/yr, variable O&M $/kWh), maintenance and overhaul schedule (to determine capacity factor and availability), outage rate and reliability, construction lead time, economic life, conversion efficiency (input energy to output power or heat or cooling), fuel heating value (gross and net BTU/lb, kJ/kg, BTU/scf, kJ/Nm3, BTU/gal, kJ/liter), fuel cost ($/MT, $/kg, $/bbl, $/liter, $/MMBTU, $/GJ) in order to arrive at its levelized price and levelized generation cost of energy.  The benefits and risks of each technology is also presented. I encourage the reader to follow this series.

A complete power point presentation may also be obtained from this link to complement this article. More »

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 4 – September 19, 2009

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 4 – September 19, 2009

The recent passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) now clearly defines the legal and regulatory framework for renewable energy investment in the Philippines.  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria.

(Please email for IRR – mars_ocampo@yahoo.com or energydataexpert@gmail.com) More »

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 3 – September 19, 2009

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 3 – September 19, 2009

The passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) is expected to promote the development of the renewable energy industry in the Philippines.  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

(Please email me for download copy of RE Law – mars_ocampo@yahoo.com or energydataexpert@gmail.com) More »

How to calculate overall thermal efficiency of combined cycle power plants – a sample CCGT presented

How to calculate overall thermal efficiency of combined cycle power plants – a sample CCGT presented

Calculating or predicting the overall performance of a combined cycle power plant, specifically a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant is sometimes difficult for most design engineers. Your favorite energy technology expert again comes to the rescue – Engineer Marcial T. Ocampo – has derived the following equation to guide the design engineer and project finance modeler or business development engineer in predicting the overall thermal efficiency of the combined cycle. More »

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 1 & 2 – July 13-14, 2009

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 1 – July 13, 2009

Your favorite energy technology expert is launching his maiden issue of Renewable Energy News to highlight recent developments arising from the passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. More »

How to Calculate the Cost Impact of Nuclear Power Addition to the Energy Mix – a Philippine estimate

How to Calculate the Cost Impact of Nuclear Power Addition to the Energy Mix – a Philippine estimate

This is the 4th sequel to the 1st blog on “How to Calculate the Levelized Cost of Energy – a simplified approach”.

Using sample data and reasonable assumptions, I’ve calculated the potential reduction in the weighted average levelized cost of electricity in the energy mix of the Philippines should the mothballed 620 MW Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) be revived and allowed to operate again after being in preservation mode since the early 1990’s. More »

Energy Technology Expert – my expertise and services

Where to Get Assistance for Energy & Electricity Investment Opportunities in the Philippines

Marcial Ocampo provides a blog on issues and concerns regarding current and future fuel cycles and power generation technologies as they affect the environment, fuel supplies and power generation capacities, efficiency of utilization of fuel or energy resource, pollution & greenhouse gas emissions, and cost of power (overnight capital cost $/kW) and energy (levelized $/kWh).

He provides market, technical and economic feasibility studies and prepares project finance models for determining asset value (bid price), levelized price of energy or electricity, or equity returns (DCF IRR).

He is also familiar with investment opportunities in the Philippine energy and electricity sector (Philippine Energy Plan, Power Development Plan) and the regulatory framework (EPIRA and RE laws,  implementing rules and regulations, Distribution Code, Grid Code) for purchasing a power plant from PSALM/NPC or for putting up a new power plant (conventional, fossil or renewable).

He can guide you in securing incentives under the latest Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) law and its implementing rules and regulations (IRR).

In addition, he could guide you in securing the needed endorsement from the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE), permits and licenses from the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) and other government agencies (DTI, SEC, BIR, DENR, EMB, NWRB, PNRI, DOLE, NTC, BOC, PPA, ATO, PDEA, BOI, NCIP and LGUs) in order that the facility is duly licensed to operate as a power generation facility with an electricity tariff that is the “best new entrant” for the given location and application in order to balance the need of the customers for affordable electricity and the need of the investor to meet its investment return criteria.

Should you need assistance in preparing a project finance model and a feasibility study (market, technical, economic, financial) using Philippine oil, energy and electricity data, please don’t hesitate to contact Marcial.

email:    mars_ocampo@yahoo.com   and   energydataexpert@gmail.com

tel/fax: (632)-932-5530 More »

Is Advanced Clean Coal the Answer to our Global Power Problem?

Is Advanced Clean Coal Technology the Answer to our Global Power Problem?

Remaining Life of Fossil Fuels (oil, natural gas, coal)

Recent events have thrust lately renewed interest in “advanced clean coal” technologies to provide additional power generation capacity in view of dwindling and expensive oil supplies (remaining life 39 years), natural gas (61 years). World wide coal reserves are expected to last over 231 years (remaining life = reserves / extraction rate).

However, due to concerns arising from pollution (emission of sulfur as SO2, toxic ash and heavy metals) and climate change (emission of CO2 greenhouse gases), the utilization of coal for power generation has spurred researches leading to the development and commercialization of so called “advanced clean coal” technologies. More »

Shall We Go Nuclear?

Shall We Go Nuclear?

Oil Crisis of 2008

The recent oil crisis which saw the rise of crude oil prices to a peak of $147 per barrel in the world market and its attendant effect on raising electricity prices in the Philippines at a rate higher than its competitor economies in the region has brought forth renewed calls to review policies relative to the development of the Philippine Nuclear Industry.

Revive the 600 MW BNPP?

In particular, attention has been directed toward reviving the mothballed 600 MW Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) constructed by the National Power Corporation in the early 1980’s. In its desire to be part of the growing list of nuclear power generation nations in the world, the Philippines implemented a national agenda that included the construction of the 600 MW BNPP in tandem with the 300 MW Kalayaan Pumped Storage Hydro Plant in 1982. The pumped storage would serve as a dummy load of the nuclear plant during off-peak periods at night in order to allow for a constant and stable generation of 600 MW of nuclear power throughout the entire day. (In the absence of the “cheap” nuclear electricity, the Laguna Lake water is pumped uphill to Lake Caliraya at night using geothermal, coal and sometimes expensive oil-based electricity in order to have adequate baseload capacity during day-time peak hours.)

Numerous Issues Hounded the BNPP

Unfortunately, or for reasons only Providence could imagine, the BNPP has been hounded with controversy ranging from allegations of overprice and corruption in the construction of the power plant, unsafe plant location being near an inactive volcano (Mt. Natib), being located near an active fault, possible long-term environmental harm to the nearby residents and Luzon populace in the event of accidental release of radio active gases and materials arising from a nuclear accident, unsafe plant design (pressurized water reactor or PWR), expensive electricity arising from its high cost per kW due to overprice (one 600 MW plant for the cost of two 600 MW plants as originally conceived), and of course, how to economically and safely dispose of the spent nuclear fuel material, radioactive control rods and other materials exposed to high levels of radiation.

More »

Large-Scale Project Finance Models

Large-Scale Project Finance Models:

1. Oil Thermal Power Plant – 2,000 US$
   
   
   
2. Pulverized Thermal Power Plant – 4,000 US$
   
   
   
3. Advance Coal Thermal Power Plant – 6,000 US$
   
   
   
4. Geothermal Power Plant – 8,000 US$
   
   
   
5. Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant – 9,000 US$
   
   
   
6. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant – 10,000 US$
   
   
   
7. Energy Storage Power Plant – 12,000 US$*
8. Solar Thermal Power Plant – 14,000 US$*
9. Fuel Cells Power Plant – 16,000 US$*
10. Ocean Thermal Power Plant – 18,000 US$*
11. Ocean Wave Power Plant – 20,000 US$*
12. Tidal Power Plant – 22,000 US$*
13. Nuclear Power Plant – 30,000 US$*

*Please inquire about payment options directly to me.

Contents:

1) Input (Assumption) Sheet

2) Report (Summary) Sheet

3) Project Cost Sheet (equipment cost, ocean freight, insurance, taxes & duties, brokerage & local shipping, erection & installation, land & right-of-way, project development & contract management, initial stocks & inventories, manpower mobilization & training, working capital, interest during construction, other capitalized expenses)

4) Construction Sheet (construction schedule, equity/loan drawdown, interest during construction)

5) Model Sheet (escalation of items, starting costs, capacity & degradation, heat rate & efficiency degradation, maintenance & overhaul scheduel, available hours, gross generation, plant use & net generation, transmission/distribution line constraints & losses, net electricity sales, revenue items, expense items, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, project & equity IRR, project & equity payback, debt service cover ratio)

6) Depreciation Sheet (evolution of balance sheet accounts, working capital)

7) Loan Amortization Table (interest & principal repayment)

Small-Scale Project Finance Models

Small-Scale Project Finance Models:

1. Diesel Genset Power Plant – 600 US$
   
   
   
2. Biomass Power Plant – 800 US$
   
   
   
3. Cogen Power Plant – 1,000 US$
   
   
   
4. Hydro (Micro, Mini) Power Plant – 1,200 US$
   
   
   
5. Solar PV Power Plant – 1,800 US$
   
   
   
6. Wind Power Plant – 2,400 US$
   
   
   
7. Biomass Gassifaction Power Plant / Anaerobic Digestion – 3,000 US$
   
   
   
8. Hybrid Power Plant (Diesel, Biomass, Solar, Wind, Micro-Hydro) – 1,000 US$
   
   
   

Wind Energy

The file (697 KB) will cover the following topics:

WIND ENERGY

• An indirect form of solar energy stored in kinetic form
• Induced chiefly by the uneven heating of the earth’s crust by the sun.

Uses of Wind Energy

1. Home owners may generate electricity, charge batteries, sell excess power to utility
2. Large, modern turbines in wind farms can produce electricity for utilities
3. Remote villages can generate power, pump water, grind grain, meet their basic energy needs.

Topics – Wind Energy

• Wind Energy, Its Uses and History
• Global Wind Resource Potential
• Basic Principles of Operation & Components
• Power Output and Maximum Efficiency
• Types of Wind Mills and Examples
• Cost of Wind Power (Capital, O&M, Levelized)
• Applicability, Advantages, Disadvantages
• Environmental Impact & Risks

History of Wind Turbines

• Hero of Alexandria described a wind machine in the 1st century AD
• Arabic texts of the 9th century talked of 7th century windmill.
• Windmills spread to Europe from the Middle East for grinding grain, drainage, pumping, saw-milling, etc.
• Post mills (rotated into the wind), were known in France and England in the 12th century. Tower mills (sails on top rotated), were introduced in France around the 14th century.
• The first windmill to drive an electric generator was built by P. Lacour of Denmark in the late 19th century.
• In 1931, a propeller-type windmill was built in Crimea for low-voltage electricity that fed into the local grid.
• Experiments in 1940 led to a large Smith-Putnam machine, a twin-blade 55m diameter propeller-type rotor on a 34m tower rated at 1.25 MW ac power at 28 rpm.

Global Wind Resource

• Wind is the movement of air in response to pressure differences within the atmosphere, caused primarily by uneven heating by the sun on the surface of the earth, exerting a force which causes air masses to move from a region of high pressure to a low one.
• About 1.7 million TWh of energy each year is generated in the form of wind over the earth’s land masses, much more over the globe as a whole. Only a small fraction can be harnessed to generate useful energy because of competing land use.
• A 1991 estimate puts the realizable global wind power potential at 53,000 TWh per year.
• US, UK and China have vast wind resource potential. With only 6% of total land area available for wind, US could generate about 500,000 MW. Present US capacity is 2,500 MW.

Basic Principles and Components of a Modern Wind Turbine

• Turbine rotor captures the wind energy and converts it into mechanical energy fed via a gearbox to a generator
• Gearbox / generator housed in an enclosed nacelle with the turbine rotor is attached to its front
• Combined rotor and nacelle mounted on a tower fitted with a yawing system keeps the turbine rotor facing into the wind always

Types of Modern Wind Turbines

• Vertical-Axis Windmills – early machines known as Persian windmills; evolved from ship sails made of canvas or wood attached to a large horizontal wheel; when used to grind grain into flour, they were called windmills.
• Horizontal-Axis Windmills –first designs had sails built on a post that could face into any wind direction, and were called post mills; evolved throughout the Middle Ages and was used for grinding grain, drainage, pumping, saw-milling.

Price: 56 USD

Energy Technology Road Map

The file (193 KB) will cover the following topics:

TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: VISION – robust portfolio

In its “Electricity Supply Roadmap, January 1999”, EPRI clarified the ultimate goal or vision for the power generation industry worldwide:

A robust portfolio of technologies that provide reliable, affordable electricity, with capacity and resource flexibility to meet global market needs – on a sustainable basis – with acceptable environmental impacts.

Implementation will vary from developed and developing countries, from region to region, based on indigenous resources and on economic, environmental and political factors, hence, the need for a portfolio of solutions.

Power Generation Technology Roadmap : Two Destinations

The EPRI Roadmap suggests destinations and identifies R&D opportunities over two nominal time frames:

Twenty years from now (2020) – to assess near-term opportunities and the technical foundations we will draw upon to reach 2050 goals

Fifty years from now (2050) – to encompass truly new and innovative technologies, not simple extrapolation of today’s development efforts. 50 years is deemed to be long enough to allow for capital stock turnover and widespread adoption of new technology. It also provides milestone for gauging progress toward broader goals for energy use by 2100.

Price: 40 USD

Energy Storage Technologies

The file (806 KB) will cover the following topics:

STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Energy Storage – used to store and regenerate power for peak shaving and to even out generation fluctuations created by fluctuations in the resource being exploited

Allows greater use of intermittent renewable energy technologies – off-peak wind, solar, ocean wave, tidal power are stored in batteries, pumped storage hydro or stored hydrogen from electrolysis of water.

Topics – Storage Technologies

• Energy Storage, Its Uses
• Energy Storage Systems and Types
• Hourly and Daily Power Consumption
• Principles of Energy Storage
• Cost of Energy Storage Technologies
• Benefits from Energy Storage
• Environmental Impact & Risks
• Distributed Generation

Price: 56 USD