Energy Technology Expert

World Energy Technology Series 1 – BIOMASS ENERGY AND POWER

World Energy Technology Series 1 – BIOMASS ENERGY AND POWER

Your energy technology and pricing expert is launching his World Energy Technology Series with this maiden issue #1 on Biomass Energy and Power.  This series will focus on energy technologies (fossil, renewable, nuclear, storage) by giving information on the energy resource, basic principles, energy conversion technology, overnight capital cost ($/kW), operating and maintenace costs (fixed O&M $/kW/yr, variable O&M $/kWh), maintenance and overhaul schedule (to determine capacity factor and availability), outage rate and reliability, construction lead time, economic life, conversion efficiency (input energy to output power or heat or cooling), fuel heating value (gross and net BTU/lb, kJ/kg, BTU/scf, kJ/Nm3, BTU/gal, kJ/liter), fuel cost ($/MT, $/kg, $/bbl, $/liter, $/MMBTU, $/GJ) in order to arrive at its levelized price and levelized generation cost of energy.  The benefits and risks of each technology is also presented. I encourage the reader to follow this series.

A complete power point presentation may also be obtained from this link to complement this article. More »

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 4 – September 19, 2009

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 4 – September 19, 2009

The recent passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) now clearly defines the legal and regulatory framework for renewable energy investment in the Philippines.  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria.

(Please email for IRR – mars_ocampo@yahoo.com or energydataexpert@gmail.com) More »

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 3 – September 19, 2009

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 3 – September 19, 2009

The passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) is expected to promote the development of the renewable energy industry in the Philippines.  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

(Please email me for download copy of RE Law – mars_ocampo@yahoo.com or energydataexpert@gmail.com) More »

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 1 & 2 – July 13-14, 2009

Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 1 – July 13, 2009

Your favorite energy technology expert is launching his maiden issue of Renewable Energy News to highlight recent developments arising from the passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. More »

Large-Scale Project Finance Models

Large-Scale Project Finance Models:

1. Oil Thermal Power Plant – 2,000 US$
   
   
   
2. Pulverized Thermal Power Plant – 4,000 US$
   
   
   
3. Advance Coal Thermal Power Plant – 6,000 US$
   
   
   
4. Geothermal Power Plant – 8,000 US$
   
   
   
5. Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant – 9,000 US$
   
   
   
6. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant – 10,000 US$
   
   
   
7. Energy Storage Power Plant – 12,000 US$*
8. Solar Thermal Power Plant – 14,000 US$*
9. Fuel Cells Power Plant – 16,000 US$*
10. Ocean Thermal Power Plant – 18,000 US$*
11. Ocean Wave Power Plant – 20,000 US$*
12. Tidal Power Plant – 22,000 US$*
13. Nuclear Power Plant – 30,000 US$*

*Please inquire about payment options directly to me.

Contents:

1) Input (Assumption) Sheet

2) Report (Summary) Sheet

3) Project Cost Sheet (equipment cost, ocean freight, insurance, taxes & duties, brokerage & local shipping, erection & installation, land & right-of-way, project development & contract management, initial stocks & inventories, manpower mobilization & training, working capital, interest during construction, other capitalized expenses)

4) Construction Sheet (construction schedule, equity/loan drawdown, interest during construction)

5) Model Sheet (escalation of items, starting costs, capacity & degradation, heat rate & efficiency degradation, maintenance & overhaul scheduel, available hours, gross generation, plant use & net generation, transmission/distribution line constraints & losses, net electricity sales, revenue items, expense items, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, project & equity IRR, project & equity payback, debt service cover ratio)

6) Depreciation Sheet (evolution of balance sheet accounts, working capital)

7) Loan Amortization Table (interest & principal repayment)

Small-Scale Project Finance Models

Small-Scale Project Finance Models:

1. Diesel Genset Power Plant – 600 US$
   
   
   
2. Biomass Power Plant – 800 US$
   
   
   
3. Cogen Power Plant – 1,000 US$
   
   
   
4. Hydro (Micro, Mini) Power Plant – 1,200 US$
   
   
   
5. Solar PV Power Plant – 1,800 US$
   
   
   
6. Wind Power Plant – 2,400 US$
   
   
   
7. Biomass Gassifaction Power Plant / Anaerobic Digestion – 3,000 US$
   
   
   
8. Hybrid Power Plant (Diesel, Biomass, Solar, Wind, Micro-Hydro) – 1,000 US$
   
   
   

Wind Energy

The file (697 KB) will cover the following topics:

WIND ENERGY

• An indirect form of solar energy stored in kinetic form
• Induced chiefly by the uneven heating of the earth’s crust by the sun.

Uses of Wind Energy

1. Home owners may generate electricity, charge batteries, sell excess power to utility
2. Large, modern turbines in wind farms can produce electricity for utilities
3. Remote villages can generate power, pump water, grind grain, meet their basic energy needs.

Topics – Wind Energy

• Wind Energy, Its Uses and History
• Global Wind Resource Potential
• Basic Principles of Operation & Components
• Power Output and Maximum Efficiency
• Types of Wind Mills and Examples
• Cost of Wind Power (Capital, O&M, Levelized)
• Applicability, Advantages, Disadvantages
• Environmental Impact & Risks

History of Wind Turbines

• Hero of Alexandria described a wind machine in the 1st century AD
• Arabic texts of the 9th century talked of 7th century windmill.
• Windmills spread to Europe from the Middle East for grinding grain, drainage, pumping, saw-milling, etc.
• Post mills (rotated into the wind), were known in France and England in the 12th century. Tower mills (sails on top rotated), were introduced in France around the 14th century.
• The first windmill to drive an electric generator was built by P. Lacour of Denmark in the late 19th century.
• In 1931, a propeller-type windmill was built in Crimea for low-voltage electricity that fed into the local grid.
• Experiments in 1940 led to a large Smith-Putnam machine, a twin-blade 55m diameter propeller-type rotor on a 34m tower rated at 1.25 MW ac power at 28 rpm.

Global Wind Resource

• Wind is the movement of air in response to pressure differences within the atmosphere, caused primarily by uneven heating by the sun on the surface of the earth, exerting a force which causes air masses to move from a region of high pressure to a low one.
• About 1.7 million TWh of energy each year is generated in the form of wind over the earth’s land masses, much more over the globe as a whole. Only a small fraction can be harnessed to generate useful energy because of competing land use.
• A 1991 estimate puts the realizable global wind power potential at 53,000 TWh per year.
• US, UK and China have vast wind resource potential. With only 6% of total land area available for wind, US could generate about 500,000 MW. Present US capacity is 2,500 MW.

Basic Principles and Components of a Modern Wind Turbine

• Turbine rotor captures the wind energy and converts it into mechanical energy fed via a gearbox to a generator
• Gearbox / generator housed in an enclosed nacelle with the turbine rotor is attached to its front
• Combined rotor and nacelle mounted on a tower fitted with a yawing system keeps the turbine rotor facing into the wind always

Types of Modern Wind Turbines

• Vertical-Axis Windmills – early machines known as Persian windmills; evolved from ship sails made of canvas or wood attached to a large horizontal wheel; when used to grind grain into flour, they were called windmills.
• Horizontal-Axis Windmills –first designs had sails built on a post that could face into any wind direction, and were called post mills; evolved throughout the Middle Ages and was used for grinding grain, drainage, pumping, saw-milling.

Price: 56 USD

Solar Energy

The file (871 KB) will cover the following topics:

Solar energy has potential of supplying all our energy needs for: electric, thermal, process, chemical and even transportation; however, it is very diffuse, cyclic and often undependable because of varying weather conditions.

• Sun – largest object in our solar system; outer visible layer called photosphere has temperature of 6,000 C
• Sunlight or solar energy – main source of energy for wind, hydro, ocean and biomass.

Price: 34USD

Introduction to Renewable Energy Sources

The file (69 KB) will cover the following topics:

Renewable Sources of Energy

• Geothermal Energy (radioactive decay and initial heat of earth)
• Solar Energy (radiation from sun)
• Hydro
• Solar PV and Solar Thermal
• Wind
• Biomass and Wastes
• Ocean Thermal
• Ocean Wave, Ocean Current
• Tidal Energy (gravitational pull of moon and earth’s rotation)
• Hydrogen Energy (from biomass and water)

Price: 10 USD

Ocean Energy

The file (657 KB) will cover the following topics:

OCEAN ENERGY

Wave energy – winds generate large ocean waves that can be used to generate power from its potential and kinetic energy.

Ocean temperature energy conversion (OTEC) – temperature gradient between the surface and bottom of the ocean can be utilized in a heat engine to generate power

Tidal energy – caused by lunar and solar gravitational forces acting together with that from the earth on the ocean waters to create tidal flows manifested by the rise and fall of waters that vary daily and seasonally from a few centimeters up to 8-10 meters in some parts of the world. The potential energy of the tides is tapped to generate power.

Topics – Ocean Energy

• Ocean Energy
• Energy from Oceans (OTEC, Wave, Hydro, Tidal)
• Efficiency & Types of OTEC (Open, Closed, Hybrid)
• Ocean Waves: Potential, Progressive Wave Motion, Power Density
• Devices that Convert Ocean Wave to Energy
• Ocean Wave Power Plants
• Tidal Energy, Its Potential
• Types of Tidal Power Plants (Single-Pool, Modulated, Two-Pool)
• Tidal Energy Power Plants
• Cost of Ocean & Tidal Power
• Benefits from Ocean & Tidal Energy
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 26 USD

Hydrogen Energy

The file (91 KB) will cover the following topics:

HYDROGEN ENERGY

Hydrogen – 3rd most abundant element on earth’s surface; found primarily in water [H2O] and organic compounds and generally produced from hydrocarbons thru reforming and water thru electrolysis.

When burned as fuel or converted to electricity, it joins with oxygen [O2] again to form water.

Price: 20 USD

Hydro Power

The file (633 KB) will cover the following topics:

Hydro Power

Flowing water creates energy that can be stored, captured and turned into electricity. Hydropower is the world’s most important renewable energy source. It provides 7.2% of world’s primary energy and 18.5% of electric power generation.

Price: 26 USD

Geothermal Energy

The file (689 KB) will cover the following topics:

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

• heat (thermal) from the earth (geo)
• thermal energy in the rock and fluid that fills fractures and pores within the rock in the earth’s crust.

The earth’s initial energy from its molten state is sustained thru energy input from the sun and radioactive decay deep within the earth.

Price: 28 USD

Biomass Energy

The file (322 KB) will cover the following topics:

“Biomass” means any plant-derived organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes and municipal wastes. Biomass is stored solar energy.

Topics – Biomass Energy

• What is Biomass?
• Biomass Resources
• Biomass Technologies (Bio-Power, Bio-Fuels)
• Examples of Bio-Fuels & Biomass Technologies
• Global Carbon Cycle
• Bio-Power Technologies (Direct Combustion, Co-firing, Pyrolysis, Anaerobic Digestion, CHP)
• Cost of Biomass Fuel, Liquid Bio-Fuels & Power
• Benefits from Biomass & Wastes
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 60 USD