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Model for Calculating Power Plant Emissions and outsourcing emission calculations

May 1st, 2010 Posted in power plant emissions

Calculating Power Plant Emissions for sale and outsourcing emission calculations

A spreadsheet model for calculating power plant emissions has been developed by your energy technology selection expert.

The calculation procedure is straight forward.  The user inputs the ultimate (elemental) fuel analysis (%C, %H, %S, %O, %N, % moisture, % ash), excess air ratio (% excess air of % excess O2 in the flue gas) and a flue gas material balance will yield the wet and dry gas analysis of the flue gas (%CO2, % H2O, %SO2, %O2, %N2).  Products of partial combustion (e.g. CO) and NOx (NO2, N2O) are not covered by this model since they are a factor of dissociation reactions and require complex equilibrium models.

If the fuel has substantial Sulfur and it needs to be removed (scrubber, limestone addition), the model will calculate the minimum sulfur removal efficiency that needs to be attained by the equipment to meet environmental standards (as %SO2, as ppm SO2, as mg SO2/normal cubic meter, as gram SO2 per kWh, etc).

Please email me your exact problem, input data and expected outputs to be calculated so I may be able to respond to your needs.  The cost of the model and any customization works would have to be negotiated based on your specifications.

Regards,

Marcial Ocampo

Energy Technology Selection and Business Development Consultant

mars_ocampo@yahoo.com

energytechnologyexpert@gmail.com

————-  STANDARD DATA

Molecular Density Sp. Vol. Specific Gross HV Net HV Theoritical Air, lb/lb fuel
No. Substance Formula Weight lb/ft3 f3/lb Gravity btu/lb btu/lb O2 N2a Air
1 Carbon C 12.0110 14093 14093 2.664 8.847 11.511
2 Hydrogen H2 2.0159 0.0053 187.9700 0.0695 61095 51625 7.937 26.355 34.292
3 Oxygen O2 31.9988 0.0846 11.8190 1.1053
4 Nitrogen N2 28.0134 0.0744 13.4430 0.9717
4 Nitrogen(a) N2(a) 28.1610 0.0748 13.3720 0.9769
5 Carbon Monoxide CO 28.0104 0.0740 13.5060 0.9672 4347 4347 0.571 1.897 2.468
6 Carbon Dioxide CO2 44.0098 0.1170 8.5470 1.5284
7 Methane CH4 16.0428 0.0424 23.5740 0.5541 23875 21495 3.989 13.247 17.236
8 Ethane C2H6 30.0696 0.0803 12.4550 1.0488 22323 20418 3.725 12.368 16.093
9 Propane C3H8 44.0965 0.1196 8.3610 1.5624 21669 19937 3.628 12.048 15.677
10 n-Butane C4H10 58.1234 0.1582 6.3210 2.0666 21321 19679 3.578 11.883 15.462
11 Isobutane C4H10 58.1234 0.1582 6.3210 2.0666 21271 19629 3.578 11.883 15.462
12 n-Pentane C5H12 72.1503 0.1904 5.2520 2.4872 21095 19507 3.548 11.782 15.330
13 IsoPentane C5H12 72.1503 0.1904 5.2520 2.4872 21047 19459 3.548 11.782 15.330
14 NeoPentane C5H12 72.1503 0.1904 5.2520 2.4872 20978 19390 3.548 11.782 15.330
15 n-Hexane C6H14 86.1772 0.2274 4.3980 2.9702 20966 19415 3.527 11.714 15.241
Heptane C7H16 100.2040 0.2431 4.1140 3.1753 18500 16975 3.513 11.665 15.177
Octane C8H18 114.2309 0.2803 3.5680 3.6612 18632 17127 3.502 11.628 15.129
16 Ethylene C2H4 28.0538 0.0746 13.4120 0.9740 21636 20275 3.422 11.363 14.785
17 Propylene C3H6 42.0806 0.1110 9.0090 1.4500 21048 19687 3.422 11.363 14.785
18 Butylene C4H8 56.1075 0.1480 6.7570 1.9333 20854 19493 3.422 11.363 14.785
19 IsoButene C4H8 56.1075 0.1480 6.7570 1.9333 20737 19376 3.422 11.363 14.785
20 n-Pentene C5H10 70.1344 0.1852 5.4000 2.4191 20720 19359 3.422 11.363 14.785
21 Benzene C6H6 78.1136 0.2060 4.8540 2.6912 18184 17451 3.072 10.202 13.275
22 Toluene C7H8 92.1405 0.2431 4.1140 3.1753 18501 17672 3.126 10.379 13.505
23 Xylene C8H10 106.1674 0.2803 3.5680 3.6612 18633 17734 3.165 10.509 13.674
24 Acetylene C2H2 26.0379 0.0697 14.3450 0.9106 21502 20769 3.072 10.202 13.275
25 Napthalene C10H8 128.1735 0.3384 2.9550 4.4206 17303 16707 2.996 9.948 12.944
26 Methyl Alcohol CH3OH 32.0422 0.0846 11.8200 1.1052 10258 9066 1.498 4.974 6.472
27 Ethyln Alcohol C2H5OH 46.0690 0.1216 8.2240 1.5884 13161 11918 2.084 6.920 9.003
28 Ammonia NH3 17.0305 0.0456 21.9300 0.5957 9667 7986 1.409 4.679 6.089
29 Sulfur S 32.0660 - - 3980 3980 0.998 3.314 4.312
30 Hyrogen Sulfide H2S 34.0819 0.0911 10.9780 1.1899 7097 6537 1.408 4.677 6.085
31 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 64.0648 0.1733 5.7700 2.2640
32 Water Vapor H20 18.0153 0.0476 21.0170 0.6215
33 Air 28.9660 0.0766 13.0630 1.0000
Ash/SiO2
Composition of Air: % vol M.W. %vol * M.W. % wt
O2 20.947% 20.950% 31.99880 6.7037 23.14% O2
N2 78.086% 79.050% 28.16100 22.2613 76.86% N2(a)
Ar 0.934%
CO2 0.033%
100.000% 100.000% 28.96600 28.9650 100.000%
% mol

————-  USER INPUT DATA

Select type of fuel by entering 1
as received
Coal 1 0 0 0 0 0
Carbon 26.10 32.41 37.47 41.51 44.74 47.33
Hydrogen 1.80 2.24 2.58 2.86 3.09 3.26
Sulfur 0.65 0.81 0.94 1.04 1.12 1.19
NOX 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Oxygen 11.25 13.97 16.15 17.89 19.29 20.40
Nitrogen 0.23 0.29 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.42
Water Vapor 54.75 43.80 35.04 28.03 22.42 17.94
Ash 5.22 6.48 7.49 8.30 8.95 9.47
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Btu / lb 4794 5966 6903 7653 8253 8733
4804 days 2 4 6 8 10

————-  SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

From % wt Table 2 – Calculation of Combustion Products and Theoretical Oxygen Requirements – Molar Basis (Babcock & Wilcox, p. 9-4)
Molecular Analysis Moles per Analysis Gross HV Net HV Combustion Molecular Oxygen Theoritical Air, lb/100 lb fuel Flue Gas
No. Substance Formula Weight % wt 100 lb fuel % vol btu/lb btu/lb Products Weight Required O2 (moles) N2a Air lb/100 lb
1 Carbon C 12.0110 26.10 2.1730 33.51 14093 14093 CO2 44.0098 1.00 2.1730 95.634
2 Hydrogen H2 2.0159 1.80 0.8929 13.77 61095 51625 H2O 18.0153 0.50 0.4465 16.086
29 Sulfur S 32.0660 0.65 0.0204 0.31 3980 3980 SO2 64.0648 1.00 0.0204 1.307
NOX NO2 46.0055 0.00 0.0000 0.00 NO2 46.0055 1.00 0.0000
CO CO 28.0104 0.00 0.0000 0.00 4347 4347 CO 28.0104 -0.50 0.0000
3 Oxygen O2 31.9988 11.25 0.3516 5.42 O2 31.9988 -1.00 -0.3516 14.644
4 Nitrogen N2 28.0134 0.23 0.0082 0.13 N2 (fuel) 28.0134 0.00 0.230
32 Water Vapor H20 18.0153 54.75 3.0389 46.86 H2O 18.0153 0.00 54.746
Ash 5.22 N2 (air) 28.1610 2.2883 291.782
TOTAL 15.4203 100.00 6.4850 100.00 4804 4634 73.2225 243.1513 316.3738 474.429
GIVEN 4,000 4634 23.14% 76.86% 100.00% 1.200
31.9988 28.1610 28.9660
per lb fuel 0.732 2.432 3.164

————- SAMPLE RESULTS

As Measured 6 Reference DENR
Flug Gas lb mole/ % vol % vol ppm V mg / Nm3 ppm V mg / Nm3 mg / Nm3
Emission vs DENR 100 lb (WET) (DRY) (DRY) (DRY) (DRY) (DRY) (DRY)
CO2 2.173 12.81842 16.68917
H2O 0.893 5.26721
SO2 (COMPUTED) 0.020 0.12034 0.15668 245 700 210 601 700
NO2 (MEASURED) 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 487 1,000 418 858 1000
CO (MEASURED) 400 500 343 429 500
O2 0.458 2.69969 3.51491
N2 (fuel) 0.008 0.04843 0.06306
H2O 3.039 17.92599
N2 (air) 10.361 61.11992 79.57619
wet gas 16.952 100.00000 100.00000 84.38%
dry gas 13.020 % Sulfur Removal
ppmv = (% vol / 100) * 10^6 = % vol * 10^4
X, O2 ref = X * (21 – O2 ref) / (21 – O2 meas) where O2 ref = 6%
ppmv X = (mg/Nm3 X) * 10^3 * (0.0224 m3/mol) / (MW X)
mg/Nm3 X = (ppmv X) / 10^3 * (MW X) / (0.0224 m3/mol)

———– SPECIFIC EMISSIONS (CO2 AND SO2)

24 365 8760
2.2046 1000
Fuel Input Fuel Input Fuel Input Net Gen. Using
lb/hr kg/day metric tons/yr MWh / yr Fuel
269,648 2,935,479 1,071,450 876,000 Analysis
CO2 257,874 2,807,306 1,024,667 1.170 kg CO2/kWh 1.170
SO2 3,524 38,365 14,003 15.985 g SO2/kWh 15.985
O2 39,489 429,886 156,908
N2(fuel) 620 6,752 2,464
N2(a) – air 786,784 8,565,186 3,126,293
H2O 204,304 2,224,123 811,805
Total Dry 1,088,291 11,847,494 4,324,335
Total 1,292,595 14,071,617 5,136,140

———–

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