Energy Technology Expert

Linear Programming (LP) Model for Cogeneration and Trigeneration – raising energy utilization efficiency

Linear Programming (LP) Model for Cogeneration and Trigeneration - raising energy utilization efficiency

With the world running out of cheap fossil fuels (crude oil, coal, natural gas), and with continued rise of their prices in the international market, the world is exhausting all possible means of minimizing the impact of diminished supply and expensive cost of fossil fuels.

Among the response of the world’s leading economies as well as emerging economies is to raise energy utilization efficiency in power generation using cogeneration and trigeneration. When the simultaneous provision of electricity and process heat as well as cooling or refrigeration is desirable, the use of cogeneration and trigeneration will raise efficiency from the usual 33% of rankine thermal power systems (oil, gas, coal, biomass thermal) to 56% for cogeneration power systems (oil, gas, biomass) up to 80-90% with trigeneration.

Linear Programming (LP) and setting up LP models to optimize a number of processes and business models is an expertise close to the heart of the energy technology expert. As the LP model custodian of the Petron Bataan Refinery, he was involved in the re-structuring of the refinery’s cost minimization LP model to a profit maximization LP model that ensured that expensive intermediate process streams are blended to the higher valued products which a cost minimization model could not distinguish from. More »

New Summary Report Format for Project Finance Model for Feed-in Tariff

New Summary Report Format for Project Finance Model for Feed-in Tariff

A new and improved summary report format for the state-of-the-art project finance model has been developed and ready for implementation in all small scale, large scale and renewable energy project finance models.

Please refer to the sample format below and the author would appreciate receiving your valuable feedback.

Two formats are available: one for renewable energy projects without fuel requirement (mini-hydro, wind, solar) and those with fuels (biomass, cogen and other fossil-fired power plants such as diesel, coal, oil and natural gas).

This is to enable presentation of the plant heat rate and conversion efficiency from fuel energy to electrical energy as well as lube oil consumption rate.

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Input Data for Calculating Feed-in Tariff (FiT) for Renewable Energy

Input Data for Calculating Feed-in Tariff (FiT) for Renewable Energy

Your energy technology selection expert and author of this blog has standardized the input data requirements for calculating feed-in tariff (FiT) for Renewable Energy (RE) sources such as biomass, cogen, mini-hydro, wind and solar.

Please refer to the snippet of the input worksheet below.

Thanks,

Marcial T. Ocampo

Energy Technology Selection & Business Development Consultant More »

Simplified Project Finance Model for Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Calculation

Simplified Project Finance Model for Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Calculation

I simplified the model to its bare functionality and removed the financial ratios section.

The model now has the barest functionality for the feed-in tariff calculation, namely: More »

Available Project Finance Models with CDM and Renewable Energy Law Incentives

Available Project Finance Models with CDM and Renewable Energy Law Incentives

I just finished polishing all my project finance models for the following power generation technologies and are now available for actual runs by project developers, researchers and individuals doing business development.  Using the models below will allow user to determine as quickly as possible the “best new entrant” technology applicable to a particular location given the fuel and energy resource available and the electricity tariff prevailing in the area. More »

Cogeneration Feed-In Tariff, Levelized Cost and Financial Model with CDM Carbon Credits

Cogeneration Feed-In Tariff, Levelized Cost and Financial Model

The following is a snippet of my state-of-the-art project finance model for calculating feed-in tariff, levelized cost of energy, and financial model (generation, fuel requirement, income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet and financial ratios).  To secure a copy of the spreadsheet, click the ENERGY DATA page for arrangements.

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World Energy Technology Series 3 – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (COGENERATION, TRIGENERATION)

World Energy Technology Series 3 – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (COGENERATION, TRIGENERATION)

Your energy technology and pricing expert is releasing issue #2 on Advanced Coal Technologies.  This series will focus on energy technologies (fossil, renewable, nuclear, storage) by giving information on the energy resource, basic principles, energy conversion technology, overnight capital cost ($/kW), operating and maintenace costs (fixed O&M $/kW/yr, variable O&M $/kWh), maintenance and overhaul schedule (to determine capacity factor and availability), outage rate and reliability, construction lead time, economic life, conversion efficiency (input energy to output power or heat or cooling), fuel heating value (gross and net BTU/lb, kJ/kg, BTU/scf, kJ/Nm3, BTU/gal, kJ/liter), fuel costs ($/MT, $/kg, $/bbl, $/liter, $/MMBTU, $/GJ) in order to arrive at its levelized price and levelized generation cost of energy. The benefits and risks of each technology is also presented. I encourage the reader to follow this series.

A complete power point presentation may also be obtained from this link to complement this article. More »

Combined Heat & Power (Cogeneration)

The file (313 KB) will cover the following topics:

Combined Heat & Power (Cogeneration)

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is the simultaneous generation of electricity and steam (or heat) in a single power plant. It has been long used by industries and municipalities that need process steam or heat as well as electricity. CHP or cogeneration is not usually used by large utilities which tend to produce electricity only. It is advisable only for industries and municipalities if they can produce electricity cheaper or more conveniently; otherwise, buy from the utility instead.

In theory, CHP provides the most efficient use of energy resources, often utilizing up to 90% of the heat energy of the fossil fuel. In practice, while the efficiency of entire process is recognized, its application has been limited.

Topics – Combined Heat & Power

• Combined Heat & Power, Its Uses and History
• Basic Principle of Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
• CHP or Cogeneration Plant Efficiency
• Efficiency of Separate Generation
• Types of Cogeneration Cycles
• Other CHP Technologies
• Opportunities for CHP
• Cost of CHP (Capital, O&M, Levelized)
• Applicability, Advantages, Disadvantages
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 6 USD