Energy Technology Expert

Combined Heat & Power (Cogeneration)

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Combined Heat & Power (Cogeneration)

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is the simultaneous generation of electricity and steam (or heat) in a single power plant. It has been long used by industries and municipalities that need process steam or heat as well as electricity. CHP or cogeneration is not usually used by large utilities which tend to produce electricity only. It is advisable only for industries and municipalities if they can produce electricity cheaper or more conveniently; otherwise, buy from the utility instead.

In theory, CHP provides the most efficient use of energy resources, often utilizing up to 90% of the heat energy of the fossil fuel. In practice, while the efficiency of entire process is recognized, its application has been limited.

Topics – Combined Heat & Power

• Combined Heat & Power, Its Uses and History
• Basic Principle of Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
• CHP or Cogeneration Plant Efficiency
• Efficiency of Separate Generation
• Types of Cogeneration Cycles
• Other CHP Technologies
• Opportunities for CHP
• Cost of CHP (Capital, O&M, Levelized)
• Applicability, Advantages, Disadvantages
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 6 USD

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

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Combined Cycle GT (CCGT)

GTs have at best efficiencies from 35% to 42%. Almost 60% of the fuel energy is wasted in the turbine exhaust of a GT. Capturing this waste heat in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is the basis of the combined cycle (Brayton + Rankine). The HRSG produces steam that drives a turbo-generator to produce additional power.

Topics – Combined Cycle GT

• Operating Principle of a Combined Cycle GT
• Combined Brayton + Rankine Cycles
• Comparison of Various CCGT Configurations
• CCGT (Gas vs Liquid Firing)
• CCGT Energy Balance
• Examples of Gas Turbine Technologies
• Cost of GT Technologies
• GT and CCGT Plants in the Philippines
• Advantages, Disadvantages of CCGT
• Environmental Impact, Risks of CCGT

Price: 80 USD

Biomass Energy

The file (322 KB) will cover the following topics:

“Biomass” means any plant-derived organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes and municipal wastes. Biomass is stored solar energy.

Topics – Biomass Energy

• What is Biomass?
• Biomass Resources
• Biomass Technologies (Bio-Power, Bio-Fuels)
• Examples of Bio-Fuels & Biomass Technologies
• Global Carbon Cycle
• Bio-Power Technologies (Direct Combustion, Co-firing, Pyrolysis, Anaerobic Digestion, CHP)
• Cost of Biomass Fuel, Liquid Bio-Fuels & Power
• Benefits from Biomass & Wastes
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 60 USD

Advanced Energy Storage

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Advanced Storage Technologies

ELECTRICAL-MECHANICAL ENERGY STORAGE:

• POTENTIAL – Pumped Storage Hydropower
• POTENTIAL – Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES): Reservoirs, Salt/Rock Caverns, Aquifers, Adiabatic, Hybrid
• POTENTIAL – Springs, Torsion Bars, Mass Elevation
• KINETIC – Flywheel storage

DIRECT ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE:

• Utility Battery Storage (UBS) – Lead acid, Sodium-sulfur, Lithium- chlorine, Lithium-telluride, Zinc-chlorine
• Super-conducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
• Hybrid SMES-UBS
• Super Capacitors

THERMAL STORAGE:

• Sensible Heat Energy Storage – Pressurized water, Organic liquid, Packed/Fluidized solid beds
• Latent Heat Energy Storage – High temp. gas-cooled reactor (HTGR)
• Chemical Reaction Storage – Regenerative fuel cells (RFC)

Price: 60 USD

Advanced Coal-Burning Power Plant Technology

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ADVANCED COAL-BURNING POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY

Traditional coal-fired power plant suffers from two primary drawbacks:

• overall thermal efficiency limited
• major source of pollution

There are strategies to reduce levels of pollution immediately in traditional plants.

However, very little can be done to raise its efficiency, being limited by thermodynamic constraints.

Efficiency of 49-50% feasible within 20 years.
Price: 42 USD

Fuel & Energy Technology Expert is Here

Fuel & Energy Technology Expert is Here

Marcial Ocampo, your favorite energy technology expert, is here to provide you latest information on:

1) energy and oil prices (international and domestic pump price calculation)

2) renewable energy and non-renewable energy and electricity

3) cost of power generation – capital and O&M cost

4) levelized cost of energy and electricity

5) Philippine energy and electricity demand and supply

6) project finance and financial modeling

7) power plant efficiency and performance

8) project feasibility studies for biofuels and power plant (market, technical, economic and financial)

Examples of Power Generation Technologies in commercial use are as follows:

Oil – Gas Thermal

Reciprocating / Piston Engine:

Small or High-Speed
Medium Speed
Large or Slow Speed
Combined Cycle – Waste Heat Boiler

Natural Gas – Simple GT:

Aero-Derivative GT
With Recuperation
Humid Air Turbine (HAT)
Cascaded Humid Air Turbine (CHAT)
Heavy Frame GT

Natural Gas – Combined Cycle GT

Coal:

Pulverized Coal PC
Atmospheric CFB
Pressurized FBC
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGCC
Integrated Gasification Humid Air Turbine IGHAT
Direct Coal-Fired Combined Cycle DCCC
Supercritical & Ultra-Supercritical Coal Comb.

Nuclear Fission:

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), advanced
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR):
- Candu Reactor
High Temp. Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR)
Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR)
Breeder Reactors

Nuclear Fusion

Hydro:

Large:
- Pelton Turbine – 50-6,000 ft head
- Francis Turbine – 10-2,000 ft head
- Propeller Turbine – 10 – 300 ft head:
- Kaplan Turbine
Small / Mini
Micro

Energy Storage:

Pumped Hydro
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) – Huntorf:
- Large CAES
- Small CAES
- Above Ground CAES
Flywheel Systems
Utility Scale Batteries (USB):
- Lead acid
- Advanced
Stored Hydrogen
Superconduction Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
Ultracapacitors

Geothermal:

Dry Steam (Vapor)
Flashed Steam (Single, Double)
Binary Cycle
Petrothermal (Hot Dry Rock)
Geothermal Preheat
Fossil Superheat

Wind

Solar PV:

Crystalline silicon
Thin film – Amorphous Silicon
Thin film – Indium Diselenide
Flat Plate
High Efficiency Multi Junction (IHCPV)

Solar Thermal:
Trough
Tower
Dish
Salt Pond (power + water)

Fuel Cells:

Alkaline (AFC)
Phosphoric Acid (PAFC)
Proton Exchange Membrane  (PEM)
Direct Methanol (DMFC)
Molten Carbonate (MCFC)
Solid Oxide-GT  (SOFC-GT)

Biomass:

Direct Combustion
Co-firing with Coal
Biomass Gasification (BIGCC)
Municipal Waste Treatment
Pyrolysis

Fermentation
Landfill Gas (40 – 60% CH4)
Anaerobic Digestion Biogas (65% CH4)
Sewage Treatment

Ocean Thermal:

Claude (open cycle)
Controlled Flash Evaporation (open)
Anderson (closed cycle)

Ocean Wave:

Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
Hydraulic Accumulator
High Level Reservoir
Float or Pitching Devices
Wave Surge or Focusing (“tapchan”)
Pendulor

Tidal Power:

Single Pool
Modulated Single Pool w/ Pumped Hydro
Two Pool

Additional technologies provided by readers of this blog:

Waste Heat Recovery: (from Alan Belcher’s comments)

Steam Rankine Cycle (Recycled Energy Development, Inc.)

Organic Rankine Cycle (Ormat Technologies, Inc.)*

Low Temperature Brayton Cycle (Pegasus Energy Project, Inc.)