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Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 4 – September 19, 2009

The recent passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) now clearly defines the legal and regulatory framework for renewable energy investment in the Philippines.  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria.

(Please email for IRR – mars_ocampo@yahoo.com or energydataexpert@gmail.com) commander pilule alli

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Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 3 – September 19, 2009

The passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) is expected to promote the development of the renewable energy industry in the Philippines.  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

(Please email me for download copy of RE Law – mars_ocampo@yahoo.com or energydataexpert@gmail.com) depakote sevrage

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Philippine Renewable Energy News Bulletin 1 – July 13, 2009

Your favorite energy technology expert is launching his maiden issue of Renewable Energy News to highlight recent developments arising from the passage of the Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).  After almost a long 10 year wait, this important piece of legislation has passed deliberations in both chambers of the Philippine Congress and Senate and was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. effets viagra

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Where to Get Assistance for Energy & Electricity Investment Opportunities in the Philippines

Marcial Ocampo provides a blog on issues and concerns regarding current and future fuel cycles and power generation technologies as they affect the environment, fuel supplies and power generation capacities, efficiency of utilization of fuel or energy resource, pollution & greenhouse gas emissions, and cost of power (overnight capital cost $/kW) and energy (levelized $/kWh).

He provides market, technical and economic feasibility studies and prepares project finance models for determining asset value (bid price), levelized price of energy or electricity, or equity returns (DCF IRR).

He is also familiar with investment opportunities in the Philippine energy and electricity sector (Philippine Energy Plan, Power Development Plan) and the regulatory framework (EPIRA and RE laws,  implementing rules and regulations, Distribution Code, Grid Code) for purchasing a power plant from PSALM/NPC or for putting up a new power plant (conventional, fossil or renewable).

He can guide you in securing incentives under the latest Philippine Renewable Energy (RE) law and its implementing rules and regulations (IRR).

In addition, he could guide you in securing the needed endorsement from the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE), permits and licenses from the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) and other government agencies (DTI, SEC, BIR, DENR, EMB, NWRB, PNRI, DOLE, NTC, BOC, PPA, ATO, PDEA, BOI, NCIP and LGUs) in order that the facility is duly licensed to operate as a power generation facility with an electricity tariff that is the “best new entrant” for the given location and application in order to balance the need of the customers for affordable electricity and the need of the investor to meet its investment return criteria.

Should you need assistance in preparing a project finance model and a feasibility study (market, technical, economic, financial) using Philippine oil, energy and electricity data, please don’t hesitate to contact Marcial.

email:    mars_ocampo@yahoo.com   and   energydataexpert@gmail.com

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Large-Scale Project Finance Models:

1. Oil Thermal Power Plant – 2,000 US$
   
   
   
2. Pulverized Thermal Power Plant – 4,000 US$
   
   
   
3. Advance Coal Thermal Power Plant – 6,000 US$
   
   
   
4. Geothermal Power Plant – 8,000 US$
   
   
   
5. Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant – 9,000 US$
   
   
   
6. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant – 10,000 US$
   
   
   
7. Energy Storage Power Plant – 12,000 US$*
8. Solar Thermal Power Plant – 14,000 US$*
9. Fuel Cells Power Plant – 16,000 US$*
10. Ocean Thermal Power Plant – 18,000 US$*
11. Ocean Wave Power Plant – 20,000 US$*
12. Tidal Power Plant – 22,000 US$*
13. Nuclear Power Plant – 30,000 US$*

*Please inquire about payment options directly to me.

Contents:

1) Input (Assumption) Sheet

2) Report (Summary) Sheet

3) Project Cost Sheet (equipment cost, ocean freight, insurance, taxes & duties, brokerage & local shipping, erection & installation, land & right-of-way, project development & contract management, initial stocks & inventories, manpower mobilization & training, working capital, interest during construction, other capitalized expenses)

4) Construction Sheet (construction schedule, equity/loan drawdown, interest during construction)

5) Model Sheet (escalation of items, starting costs, capacity & degradation, heat rate & efficiency degradation, maintenance & overhaul scheduel, available hours, gross generation, plant use & net generation, transmission/distribution line constraints & losses, net electricity sales, revenue items, expense items, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, project & equity IRR, project & equity payback, debt service cover ratio)

6) Depreciation Sheet (evolution of balance sheet accounts, working capital)

7) Loan Amortization Table (interest & principal repayment)

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Small-Scale Project Finance Models:

1. Diesel Genset Power Plant – 600 US$
   
   
   
2. Biomass Power Plant – 800 US$
   
   
   
3. Cogen Power Plant – 1,000 US$
   
   
   
4. Hydro (Micro, Mini) Power Plant – 1,200 US$
   
   
   
5. Solar PV Power Plant – 1,800 US$
   
   
   
6. Wind Power Plant – 2,400 US$
   
   
   
7. Biomass Gassifaction Power Plant / Anaerobic Digestion – 3,000 US$
   
   
   
8. Hybrid Power Plant (Diesel, Biomass, Solar, Wind, Micro-Hydro) – 1,000 US$
   
   
   

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The file (697 KB) will cover the following topics:

WIND ENERGY

• An indirect form of solar energy stored in kinetic form
• Induced chiefly by the uneven heating of the earth’s crust by the sun.

Uses of Wind Energy

1. Home owners may generate electricity, charge batteries, sell excess power to utility
2. Large, modern turbines in wind farms can produce electricity for utilities
3. Remote villages can generate power, pump water, grind grain, meet their basic energy needs.

Topics – Wind Energy

• Wind Energy, Its Uses and History
• Global Wind Resource Potential
• Basic Principles of Operation & Components
• Power Output and Maximum Efficiency
• Types of Wind Mills and Examples
• Cost of Wind Power (Capital, O&M, Levelized)
• Applicability, Advantages, Disadvantages
• Environmental Impact & Risks

History of Wind Turbines

• Hero of Alexandria described a wind machine in the 1st century AD
• Arabic texts of the 9th century talked of 7th century windmill.
• Windmills spread to Europe from the Middle East for grinding grain, drainage, pumping, saw-milling, etc.
• Post mills (rotated into the wind), were known in France and England in the 12th century. Tower mills (sails on top rotated), were introduced in France around the 14th century.
• The first windmill to drive an electric generator was built by P. Lacour of Denmark in the late 19th century.
• In 1931, a propeller-type windmill was built in Crimea for low-voltage electricity that fed into the local grid.
• Experiments in 1940 led to a large Smith-Putnam machine, a twin-blade 55m diameter propeller-type rotor on a 34m tower rated at 1.25 MW ac power at 28 rpm.

Global Wind Resource

• Wind is the movement of air in response to pressure differences within the atmosphere, caused primarily by uneven heating by the sun on the surface of the earth, exerting a force which causes air masses to move from a region of high pressure to a low one.
• About 1.7 million TWh of energy each year is generated in the form of wind over the earth’s land masses, much more over the globe as a whole. Only a small fraction can be harnessed to generate useful energy because of competing land use.
• A 1991 estimate puts the realizable global wind power potential at 53,000 TWh per year.
• US, UK and China have vast wind resource potential. With only 6% of total land area available for wind, US could generate about 500,000 MW. Present US capacity is 2,500 MW.

Basic Principles and Components of a Modern Wind Turbine

• Turbine rotor captures the wind energy and converts it into mechanical energy fed via a gearbox to a generator
• Gearbox / generator housed in an enclosed nacelle with the turbine rotor is attached to its front
• Combined rotor and nacelle mounted on a tower fitted with a yawing system keeps the turbine rotor facing into the wind always

Types of Modern Wind Turbines

• Vertical-Axis Windmills – early machines known as Persian windmills; evolved from ship sails made of canvas or wood attached to a large horizontal wheel; when used to grind grain into flour, they were called windmills.
• Horizontal-Axis Windmills –first designs had sails built on a post that could face into any wind direction, and were called post mills; evolved throughout the Middle Ages and was used for grinding grain, drainage, pumping, saw-milling.

Price: 56 USD

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The file (193 KB) will cover the following topics:

TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: VISION – robust portfolio

In its “Electricity Supply Roadmap, January 1999”, EPRI clarified the ultimate goal or vision for the power generation industry worldwide:

A robust portfolio of technologies that provide reliable, affordable electricity, with capacity and resource flexibility to meet global market needs – on a sustainable basis – with acceptable environmental impacts.

Implementation will vary from developed and developing countries, from region to region, based on indigenous resources and on economic, environmental and political factors, hence, the need for a portfolio of solutions.

Power Generation Technology Roadmap : Two Destinations

The EPRI Roadmap suggests destinations and identifies R&D opportunities over two nominal time frames:

Twenty years from now (2020) – to assess near-term opportunities and the technical foundations we will draw upon to reach 2050 goals

Fifty years from now (2050) – to encompass truly new and innovative technologies, not simple extrapolation of today’s development efforts. 50 years is deemed to be long enough to allow for capital stock turnover and widespread adoption of new technology. It also provides milestone for gauging progress toward broader goals for energy use by 2100.

Price: 40 USD

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The file (871 KB) will cover the following topics:

Solar energy has potential of supplying all our energy needs for: electric, thermal, process, chemical and even transportation; however, it is very diffuse, cyclic and often undependable because of varying weather conditions.

• Sun – largest object in our solar system; outer visible layer called photosphere has temperature of 6,000 C
• Sunlight or solar energy – main source of energy for wind, hydro, ocean and biomass.

Price: 34USD

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The file (69 KB) will cover the following topics:

Renewable Sources of Energy

• Geothermal Energy (radioactive decay and initial heat of earth)
• Solar Energy (radiation from sun)
• Hydro
• Solar PV and Solar Thermal
• Wind
• Biomass and Wastes
• Ocean Thermal
• Ocean Wave, Ocean Current
• Tidal Energy (gravitational pull of moon and earth’s rotation)
• Hydrogen Energy (from biomass and water)

Price: 10 USD

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The file (657 KB) will cover the following topics:

OCEAN ENERGY

Wave energy – winds generate large ocean waves that can be used to generate power from its potential and kinetic energy.

Ocean temperature energy conversion (OTEC) – temperature gradient between the surface and bottom of the ocean can be utilized in a heat engine to generate power

Tidal energy – caused by lunar and solar gravitational forces acting together with that from the earth on the ocean waters to create tidal flows manifested by the rise and fall of waters that vary daily and seasonally from a few centimeters up to 8-10 meters in some parts of the world. The potential energy of the tides is tapped to generate power.

Topics – Ocean Energy

• Ocean Energy
• Energy from Oceans (OTEC, Wave, Hydro, Tidal)
• Efficiency & Types of OTEC (Open, Closed, Hybrid)
• Ocean Waves: Potential, Progressive Wave Motion, Power Density
• Devices that Convert Ocean Wave to Energy
• Ocean Wave Power Plants
• Tidal Energy, Its Potential
• Types of Tidal Power Plants (Single-Pool, Modulated, Two-Pool)
• Tidal Energy Power Plants
• Cost of Ocean & Tidal Power
• Benefits from Ocean & Tidal Energy
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 26 USD

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The file (576 KB) will cover the following topics:

NOT YET COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FUEL CYCLES
Near Term (within 20 years)

• Coal Direct Liquefaction
• Coal Indirect Liquefaction
• Coal Pyrolysis
• Petrothermal – Hot Dry Rock

Price: 70 USD

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The file (373 KB) will cover the following topics:

NOT YET COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FUEL CYCLES
Long Term (20 – 50 years)

• Nuclear Fission
• Oil Shale
• Nuclear Fusion
• Hydrogen
• Petrothermal – Magma

Price: 70 USD

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The file (91 KB) will cover the following topics:

HYDROGEN ENERGY

Hydrogen – 3rd most abundant element on earth’s surface; found primarily in water [H2O] and organic compounds and generally produced from hydrocarbons thru reforming and water thru electrolysis.

When burned as fuel or converted to electricity, it joins with oxygen [O2] again to form water.

Price: 20 USD

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The file (633 KB) will cover the following topics:

Hydro Power

Flowing water creates energy that can be stored, captured and turned into electricity. Hydropower is the world’s most important renewable energy source. It provides 7.2% of world’s primary energy and 18.5% of electric power generation.

Price: 26 USD

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The file (689 KB) will cover the following topics:

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

• heat (thermal) from the earth (geo)
• thermal energy in the rock and fluid that fills fractures and pores within the rock in the earth’s crust.

The earth’s initial energy from its molten state is sustained thru energy input from the sun and radioactive decay deep within the earth.

Price: 28 USD

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The file (129 KB) will cover the following topics:

Type of power plant, Commercial Capacity, Overnight Capital Cost, Fixed O&M ($/kW/yr), Variable O&M (cents/kWh), Thermal Efficiency or Plant Heat Rate, Availability Factor, Load Factor, Construction Lead Time, Economic Life, Fuel Cost ($/GJ), Levelized Cost of Electricity ($/kWh).

Power Generation Technologies:

• Oil – Gas Thermal
• Reciprocating / Piston Engine
• Small or High-Speed
• Medium Speed
• Large or Slow Speed
• Combined Cycle – Waste Heat Boiler
• Natural Gas – Simple GT
• Aero-Derivative GT
• With Recuperation
• Humid Air Turbine (HAT)
• Cascaded Humid Air Turbine (CHAT)
• Heavy Frame GT
• Natural Gas – Combined Cycle GT
• Coal – Pulverized
• Atmospheric CFB
• Pressurized FBC
• IGCC
• IGHAT
• Direct Coal-Fired Combined Cycle (DCCC)
• Super critical & Ultra-Super critical Coal Comb.
• Geothermal
• Dry Steam (Vapor)
• Flashed Steam (Single, Double)
• Binary Cycle
• Petrothermal (Hot Dry Rock)
• Geothermal Preheat
• Fossil Superheat
• Nuclear Fission
• Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), advanced
• Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
• Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
• Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR)
• Candu Reactor
• High Temp. Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR)
• Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR)
• Breeder Reactors
• Nuclear Fusion
• Hydro
• Large
• Pelton Turbine – 50-6,000 ft head
• Francis Turbine – 10-2,000 ft head
• Propeller Turbine – 10 – 300 ft head
• Kaplan Turbine
• Small / Mini
• Micro
• Pumped Hydro
• Wind
• Solar PV
• Crystalline silicon
• Thin film – Amorphous Silicon
• Thin film – Indium Diselenide
• Flat Plate
• High Efficiency Multi Junction – IHCPV
• Solar Thermal
• Trough
• Tower
• Dish
• Salt Pond (power + water)
• Biomass
• Direct Combustion
• Co-firing with Coal
• Biomass Gasification (BIGCC)
• Municipal Waste
• Pyrolysis
• Landfill Gas (40 – 60% CH4)
• Anaerobic Digestion (65% CH4)
• Sewage Digestion
• Fuel Cells
• Alkaline (AFC)
• Phosphoric Acid (PAFC)
• Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
• Direct Methanol
• Molten Carbonate (MCFC)
• Solid Oxide-GT (SOFC)
• Solid Oxide-GT (SOFC-GT)
• Energy Storage:
• Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) – Huntorf
• Large CAES
• Small CAES
• Above Ground CAES
• Flywheel Systems
• Utility Scale Batteries (USB)
• Lead acid
• Advanced
• Stored Hydrogen
• Superconduction Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
• Ultracapacitors
• Ocean Thermal
• Claude (open cycle)
• Controlled Flash Evaporation (open)
• Anderson (closed cycle)
• Ocean Wave
• Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
• Hydraulic Accumulator
• High Level Reservoir
• Float or Pitching Devices
• Wave Surge or Focusing (“tapchan”)
• Pendulor
• Tidal Power
• Single Pool
• Modulated Single Pool w/ Pumped Hydro
• Two Pool

Price: 30 USD

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The file (322 KB) will cover the following topics:

“Biomass” means any plant-derived organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes and municipal wastes. Biomass is stored solar energy.

Topics – Biomass Energy

• What is Biomass?
• Biomass Resources
• Biomass Technologies (Bio-Power, Bio-Fuels)
• Examples of Bio-Fuels & Biomass Technologies
• Global Carbon Cycle
• Bio-Power Technologies (Direct Combustion, Co-firing, Pyrolysis, Anaerobic Digestion, CHP)
• Cost of Biomass Fuel, Liquid Bio-Fuels & Power
• Benefits from Biomass & Wastes
• Environmental Impact & Risks

Price: 60 USD

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Fuel & Energy Technology Expert is Here

Marcial Ocampo, your favorite energy technology expert, is here to provide you latest information on:

1) energy and oil prices (international and domestic pump price calculation)

2) renewable energy and non-renewable energy and electricity

3) cost of power generation – capital and O&M cost

4) levelized cost of energy and electricity

5) Philippine energy and electricity demand and supply

6) project finance and financial modeling

7) power plant efficiency and performance

8) project feasibility studies for biofuels and power plant (market, technical, economic and financial)

Examples of Power Generation Technologies in commercial use are as follows:

Oil – Gas Thermal

Reciprocating / Piston Engine:

Small or High-Speed
Medium Speed
Large or Slow Speed
Combined Cycle – Waste Heat Boiler

Natural Gas – Simple GT:

Aero-Derivative GT
With Recuperation
Humid Air Turbine (HAT)
Cascaded Humid Air Turbine (CHAT)
Heavy Frame GT

Natural Gas – Combined Cycle GT

Coal:

Pulverized Coal PC
Atmospheric CFB
Pressurized FBC
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGCC
Integrated Gasification Humid Air Turbine IGHAT
Direct Coal-Fired Combined Cycle DCCC
Supercritical & Ultra-Supercritical Coal Comb.

Nuclear Fission:

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), advanced
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR):
- Candu Reactor
High Temp. Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR)
Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR)
Breeder Reactors

Nuclear Fusion

Hydro:

Large:
- Pelton Turbine – 50-6,000 ft head
- Francis Turbine – 10-2,000 ft head
- Propeller Turbine – 10 – 300 ft head:
- Kaplan Turbine
Small / Mini
Micro

Energy Storage:

Pumped Hydro
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) – Huntorf:
- Large CAES
- Small CAES
- Above Ground CAES
Flywheel Systems
Utility Scale Batteries (USB):
- Lead acid
- Advanced
Stored Hydrogen
Superconduction Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
Ultracapacitors

Geothermal:

Dry Steam (Vapor)
Flashed Steam (Single, Double)
Binary Cycle
Petrothermal (Hot Dry Rock)
Geothermal Preheat
Fossil Superheat

Wind

Solar PV:

Crystalline silicon
Thin film – Amorphous Silicon
Thin film – Indium Diselenide
Flat Plate
High Efficiency Multi Junction (IHCPV)

Solar Thermal:
Trough
Tower
Dish
Salt Pond (power + water)

Fuel Cells:

Alkaline (AFC)
Phosphoric Acid (PAFC)
Proton Exchange Membrane  (PEM)
Direct Methanol (DMFC)
Molten Carbonate (MCFC)
Solid Oxide-GT  (SOFC-GT)

Biomass:

Direct Combustion
Co-firing with Coal
Biomass Gasification (BIGCC)
Municipal Waste Treatment
Pyrolysis

Fermentation
Landfill Gas (40 – 60% CH4)
Anaerobic Digestion Biogas (65% CH4)
Sewage Treatment

Ocean Thermal:

Claude (open cycle)
Controlled Flash Evaporation (open)
Anderson (closed cycle)

Ocean Wave:

Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
Hydraulic Accumulator
High Level Reservoir
Float or Pitching Devices
Wave Surge or Focusing (“tapchan”)
Pendulor

Tidal Power:

Single Pool
Modulated Single Pool w/ Pumped Hydro
Two Pool

Additional technologies provided by readers of this blog:

Waste Heat Recovery: (from Alan Belcher’s comments)

Steam Rankine Cycle (Recycled Energy Development, Inc.)

Organic Rankine Cycle (Ormat Technologies, Inc.)*

Low Temperature Brayton Cycle (Pegasus Energy Project, Inc.)